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Black-necked spitting cobra
The black-necked spitting cobra (''Naja nigricollis'') is a species of spitting cobra found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. They are moderately sized snakes that can grow to a length of in length. Their coloration and markings can vary considerably. They prey primarily on small rodents. They possess medically significant venom, although the mortality rate for untreated bites on humans is relatively low (~ 5-10%). Like other spitting cobras, they can eject venom from their fangs when threatened. The venom irritates the skin and can cause permanent blindness if it enters the eyes.
''Naja nigricollis'' belongs to the cobra genus ''Naja'' under the family Elapidae. It previously included two subspecies that have been moved to the species ''Naja nigricincta'' - the zebra spitting cobra (''Naja nigricincta nigricincta'') and the black spitting cobra (''Naja nigricincta woodi'').
==Taxonomy and etymology==
''Naja nigricollis'' is classified under the genus ''Naja'' of the family Elapidae. It was first described by Norwegian zoologist Johan Reinhardt in 1843. The generic name ''Naja'' is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word ' () meaning "cobra". The specific epithet ''nigricollis'' is Latin for "black-necked": ''niger'' meaning "black" and ''collis'' meaning "neck".
''Naja nigricollis'' previously included two subspecies - ''Naja nigricollis nigricincta'' and ''Naja nigricollis woodi''. But genetic studies in 2007 by Wolfgang Wüster ''et al.'' have concluded that these subspecies should be treated under a separate species, ''Naja nigricincta''.〔Wüster, W., S. Crookes, I. Ineich, Y. Mane, C.E. Pook, J.-F. Trape & D.G.Broadley (2007) "The phylogeny of cobras inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: evolution of venom spitting and the phylogeography of the African spitting cobras (Serpentes: Elapidae: ''Naja nigricollis'' complex)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', 45: 437-453.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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